Ikibazo cy’ubuke bw’abacamanza n’abanyamategeko mu Rwanda si icya nyuma ya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994 gusa, abakizi neza bavuga ko kugeza mu 1978 nta munyamategeko wabyigiye wari ku butaka bw’u Rwanda kuko icyiciro cya mbere cy’abize amategeko muri Kaminuza Nkuru y’u Rwanda cyasohotse mu 1978, abandi baje kuboneka nyuma y’imyaka igera kuri 4 nyuma yaho.
Abo kandi nabo bose uko barangizaga ntibasohokaga ngo bambare amakanzu ngo bajye guca imanza no kuziburana mu nkiko. Bamwe bigiraga gukora mu bindi bigo bya Leta cyangwa iby’abikorera no hanze y’igihugu mu zindi serivisi zifite aho zihuriye n’amategeko abandi bakerekeza ahari agatubutse ugereranyije n’ayo umunyamategeko ubikora kinyamwuga yahembwaga mu bakozi ba leta.
Muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi igihugu cyarasenyutse ntibyasiga n’Urwego rw’ubutabera, Abatutsi bari abakora muri urwo rwego benshi barishwe bigera no ku baturage baguye mu byuma by’abaheraga iburanisha (mu rukiko).
’Kuvuga ngo uyu muntu uyu munsi afunzwe by’agateganyo, mu kwezi gutaha azahita aburana biracyari ikibazo’.
Iyo ni imvugo y’umugenzuzi Mukuru mu Bushinjacyaha bw’u Rwanda, Nteye Jules Marius, imvugo yumvikanishamo ko kuba wamara imyaka 1,2,3 cyangwa irenze ubunze by’agateganyo mu gihe ugitegereje ko umushinjacyaha ashyira Urukiko ikindi kimenyetso kubyo agukekaho nta nka yacitse amabere.
Imibare yo muri minisiteri y’Ubutabera igaragaza ko mu 2004 mbere gato ya reforme mu bucamanza mu Rwanda hari imanza zigera ku bihumbi 50 ziri ku rutonde rw’izikenewe kuburanishwa n’abakozi batarenga 300. Ubu mu 2024 iyo urebye mu kabati karimo imanza manza z’ibirarane usangamo izirenga ibihumbi 90 mu gihe ba bacamanza bo mu 2004 batararenga 300 bafite contract zihoraho.
Akazi k’ubugenzacyaha mu Rwanda kamaze igihe kitari gito gakorwa na Polisi y’u Rwanda, mu Ishami rya "Criminal Investigation Department (CID)" ikabifatanya no kuba ijisho ry’umutekano w’abantu n’ibintu byabo. Guverinoma yabonye ko ako kazi gasaba byinshi birenze ibyo polisi yari ifite gukora n’abakozi yari ifite ishyiraho urwego rw’ubugenzacyaha RIB rufite inshingano eshatu arizo Gukumira, Gutahura ibyaha no kubigenza.
Gutekereza gushyiraho urwe rwego n’abakozi bahora biyongera ntibyahujwe n’umubare w’abo bazashyira dosiye z’akazi bakora ngo ubwinshi bw’ibyaha batahuye mu gihugu bijyane n’ubwinshi bw’abakira izo manza maze bazice batange ubutabera ku gihe nk’uko ihame ry’ubutabera rivuga ’Ubutabera bukererewe ntibuba bwatanzwe’ (Delayed justice is a denied justice).
Kuba umubare w’abagenzacyaha, abashinjabyaha n’abacamanza wongeyeho n’abakora akazi ko kuganira abantu mu mategeko ukiri muto ni bimwe mu birimo gutuma umuturage ufunze iminsi 30 by’agateganyo ngo ubushinjacyaha bukomeze gushaka ibimenyetso ku mpamvu zikomeye bwagaragarije urukiko ko rukeneye ko ukekwaho icyaha ariko afunzwe.
Iyo minsi iyo igeze ubushinjacyaha bushobora kongera gusaba urukiko ko ya minsi ya mbere hari akazi kakozwemo bityo katararangira, hagikenewe indi nkayo ngo busoze mu bwisanzure rya perereza rikimukorwaho kubyo akekwaho.
Iyo minsi yose iyo ishize, ubushinjacyaha ntibuba bukumiriwe kongera gutakamba, iyo minsi ishobora nanone kongerwaho indi 30 y’agateganyo ikaba igeze ku minsi 90 itongerwa uko byamera kose.
Ubu igisa no guhima ukekwaho ukekwaho icyaha kandi habonetse akazi kenshi ko gukurikirana izindi manza, inkiko zimwe na zimwe zisanga zahaye itariki ya kure urubanza rw’ufunze by’agateganyo kandi rukanabitangira impamvu yumvika, akenshi usanga ari urutonde rurerure rw’imanza ziteganyijwe kuburana, bikarushaho kujya kure iyo atari urubanza ruri mu cy’imanza zihutishwa.
Mu myaka irenga gato 4 ishize, umunyamakuru yanyarukiye mu Igororero rya Nyarugenge riri i Mageragere mu karere ka Nyarugenge i Kigali, ricyitwa Gereza. Yatembereje micro yumva imfungwa ivuga ko imaze umwaka n’amezi abiri ifungiye ku minsi 30 y’agateganyo ngo ategereje kuzaburana.
Urundi rugero rwa hafi ni urw’abanyamakuru bane bahoze bakorera umuyoboro wa YouTube baregwaga gukwiza ibihuha n’ibindi byashoboraga guhungabanya ituze rya rubanda bamaze imyaka 4 batarakatirwa ngo bamenye icyemezo cy’urukiko kubyo bashinjwaga n’ubushinjacyaha.
Ntitwakibagirwa kandi umusore w’umubyinnyi wamaze nawe igihe kirenze umwaka wose ari ku minsi 30 y’agateganyo, mu gihe bimenyekanye urubanza rurihurishwa hatangwa ubutabera ku cyiciro urubanza rwagombaga gukurikiraho.
Izi ngero kimwe n’izindi ku bantu uzi cyangwa banyuzemo zigaragaza uburyo iminsi 30 y’agateganyo ishobora gutuma igihugu kigira ubucukike bw’abantu mu magororero biyongera ku bahamwe n’ibyaha bagakatirwa ibihano akenshi by’igifungo nyamara kagakoreshejwe izindi ngamba zijya zitekerezwa, nko guhuza abafitanye amakimbirane, ibihano nsimburagifungo, gutanga ingwate isimbura igifungo n’ibindi byatuma utekereza gukora icyaha atekereza ku kiguzi bigiye kumutwara kwishyura Sosiyete Nyarwanda atitwaje gusa kumva ko azafungwa kandi igihugu gihisemo kumufunga abaturage bandi bazikorera umutwaro wo kumutunga no kumwitaho mu gihe afunze, ikintu kigaragara nko guhana Sosiyete nyarwanda we yicaye mu igororero.
Bumwe mu buryo benshi bajya batekereza ko bwatanga umuti wundi mu kuganya ubucukike mu magororero buturuka ku gufunga iminsi 30 y’agateganyo burimo no kwibutsa abagenzacyaha ko hari ibindi amategeko ateganya, yategeka ukekwaho icyaha birimo kitarenga imbibi z’agace runaka atuyemo cyangwa kuguma mu rugo rwe kandi akagira ibindi amukuraho, inshuro amugeraho n’ibindi bijyanye n’icyiciro cy’imibereho ukekwa arimo cyamufasha kubahiriza ibyo yategetswe hanyuma akazaburana atiriwe afungwa.
Urugero rw’umusaruro ubuhuza bukorwa na RIB bwatanze kuva mu mpera za 2023, hamaze kuboneka dosiye 156 na dosiye zishyinguye 85 zagombaga kujyanwa mu nkiko inyinshi zikavamo gufunga abaziregwamo.
Imibare y’ubushinjacyaha bw’u Rwanda yo mu 2015/16 yerekana ko bari bafite dosiye ibihumbi 25, bigeze mu 2022/23 bisanga bagomba kwinjiza dosiye ibihumbi 96 zigomba kuregerwa mu rukiko. Izo dosiye zose zari mu maboko y’abashinjacyaha 181.
Nasoza igitekerezo cyanjye reka nkwibutsa ko u Rwanda rufite ihame ryo gutanga ubutabera bwihuse kandi bunoze, bigaherekezwa n’ihame ryuko ihame ari ukuburana uri hanze, gufungwa iminsi 30 bikaba nko kurengera Sosiyete yakorewe icyaha.
Abafunze by’agateganyo ni abambaye imyenda y’ibara ritari iroza
Samuel Mutungirehe
